Online GRE Test Papers Full Length Test 4

Choose Antonyms:
Adulation

Choose Antonyms:
Allure

Sentence Completion
Dependence by primitive humans on their environment would not have permitted them to be ——- the effects of the surrounding world on them.

Sentence Completion
Shakespeare’s__of Richard III is so___ that it is difficult to imagine that the ruler had been dead for more than a century before the Bard cast him as the central character in one of his plays.

Choose Analogies
OBTRUSIVE : IGNORE ::

Choose Analogies
SEMINARY : THEOLOGIAN ::

Reading Comprehension:
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of “primary” institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger “secondary” institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.

A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.

Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They, in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.

Based on the information in the passage, it would be LEAST likely for which of the following persons to be part of a self-help network?

Reading Comprehension:
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of “primary” institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger “secondary” institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.
A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They, in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.
Which of the following illustrates the working of a self-help support network, as such networks are described in the passage?

Reading Comprehension:
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of “primary” institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger “secondary” institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.

A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.

Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They, in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rotating credit associations?

Choose Antonyms:
Aloof

Choose Antonyms:
Unearth

Choose Antonyms:
Ungainly

Choose Analogies
JEER : DERISION ::

Choose Analogies
STUTTER : SPEECH::

Sentence Completion
Robert William’s style of writing has an air of ……. : just when you think the story line is predictable, he suddenly takes a different direction. Although this is often the mark of a beginner, Williams pulls it off masterfully.

Sentence Completion
Liharev talks about being both a nihilist and an atheist during his life, yet he never does _ faith in God.

Reading Comprehension:
Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seal’s physiological behavior is different.
In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen, and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seal’s blood remains concentrated near those organs most crucial to its ability to navigate underwater. The seal essentially shuts off the flow of blood to other organs, which either stop functioning until the seal surfaces or switch to an anaerobic (oxygen-independent) metabolism. The latter results in the production of large amounts of lactic acid which can adversely affect the pH of the seal’s blood, but since the anaerobic metabolism occurs only in (line 41)those tissues which have been isolated from the seal’s blood supply, the lactic acid is released into the seal’s blood only after the seal surfaces, when the lungs, liver, and other organs quickly clear the acid from the seal’s bloodstream.

Recent field studies, however, reveal that on dives in the wild, the seal usually heads directly for its prey and returns to the surface in less than twenty minutes. The absence of high levels of lactic acid in the seal’s blood after such dives suggests that during them, the seal’s organs do not resort to the anaerobic metabolism observed in the laboratory, but are supplied with oxygen from the blood. The seal’s longer excursions underwater, during which it appears to be either exploring distant routes or evading a predator, do evoke the diving response seen in the laboratory. But why do the seal’s laboratory dives always evoke this response, regardless of their length or depth? Some biologists speculate that because in laboratory dives the seal is forcibly submerged, it does not know how long it will remain underwater and so prepares for the worst.

The passage provides information to support which of the following generalizations?

Reading Comprehension:
Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seal’s physiological behavior is different.
In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen, and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seal’s blood remains concentrated near those organs most crucial to its ability to navigate underwater. The seal essentially shuts off the flow of blood to other organs, which either stop functioning until the seal surfaces or switch to an anaerobic (oxygen-independent) metabolism. The latter results in the production of large amounts of lactic acid which can adversely affect the pH of the seal’s blood, but since the anaerobic metabolism occurs only in (line 41)those tissues which have been isolated from the seal’s blood supply, the lactic acid is released into the seal’s blood only after the seal surfaces, when the lungs, liver, and other organs quickly clear the acid from the seal’s bloodstream.

Recent field studies, however, reveal that on dives in the wild, the seal usually heads directly for its prey and returns to the surface in less than twenty minutes. The absence of high levels of lactic acid in the seal’s blood after such dives suggests that during them, the seal’s organs do not resort to the anaerobic metabolism observed in the laboratory, but are supplied with oxygen from the blood. The seal’s longer excursions underwater, during which it appears to be either exploring distant routes or evading a predator, do evoke the diving response seen in the laboratory. But why do the seal’s laboratory dives always evoke this response, regardless of their length or depth? Some biologists speculate that because in laboratory dives the seal is forcibly submerged, it does not know how long it will remain underwater and so prepares for the worst.

It can be inferred from the passage that by describing the Weddell seal as preparing “for the worst” (line 41), biologists mean that it

Reading Comprehension:
Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seal’s physiological behavior is different.
In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen, and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seal’s blood remains concentrated near those organs most crucial to its ability to navigate underwater. The seal essentially shuts off the flow of blood to other organs, which either stop functioning until the seal surfaces or switch to an anaerobic (oxygen-independent) metabolism. The latter results in the production of large amounts of lactic acid which can adversely affect the pH of the seal’s blood, but since the anaerobic metabolism occurs only in (line 41)those tissues which have been isolated from the seal’s blood supply, the lactic acid is released into the seal’s blood only after the seal surfaces, when the lungs, liver, and other organs quickly clear the acid from the seal’s bloodstream.

Recent field studies, however, reveal that on dives in the wild, the seal usually heads directly for its prey and returns to the surface in less than twenty minutes. The absence of high levels of lactic acid in the seal’s blood after such dives suggests that during them, the seal’s organs do not resort to the anaerobic metabolism observed in the laboratory, but are supplied with oxygen from the blood. The seal’s longer excursions underwater, during which it appears to be either exploring distant routes or evading a predator, do evoke the diving response seen in the laboratory. But why do the seal’s laboratory dives always evoke this response, regardless of their length or depth? Some biologists speculate that because in laboratory dives the seal is forcibly submerged, it does not know how long it will remain underwater and so prepares for the worst.

The passage suggests that during laboratory dives, the pH of the Weddell seal’s blood is not adversely affected by the production of lactic acid because

Choose Antonyms:
Unwitting

Choose Antonyms:
Vanguard

Choose Antonyms:
Traduce

Choose Antonyms:
Tremulous

Sentence Completion
Though most explicitly sexist words have been replaced by gender- neutral terms, sexism thrives in the __ of many words.

Sentence Completion
25. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, having become a manifesto for psychopaths and potential miscreants, is viewed by many high-school administrators as too ——- to be suitable for teenage students.

Choose Analogies
DILAPIDATED : RESTORATION ::

Choose Analogies
PARDON : SIN ::

Reading Comprehension:
The sensation of pain cannot accurately be described as “located” at the point of an injury, or, for that matter, in any one place in the nerves or brain. Rather, pain signals-and pain relief-are delivered through a highly complex interacting circuitry.
When a cell is injured, a rush of prostaglandins sensitizes nerve endings at the injury. Prostaglandins are chemicals produced in and released from virtually all mammalian cells when they are injured: these are the only pain signals that do not originate in the nervous system. Aspirin and other similar drugs (such as indomethacin and ibuprofen) keep prostaglandins from being made by interfering with an enzyme known as prostaglandin synthetase, or cyclooxygenase. The drugs’ effectiveness against pain is proportional to their success in blocking this enzyme at the site of injury.

From nerve endings at the injury, pain signals move to nerves feeding into the spinal cord. The long, tubular membranes of nerve cells carry electrical impulses. When electrical impulses get to the spinal cord, a pain-signaling chemical known as substance P is released there. Substance P then excites nearby neurons to send impulses to the brain. Local anesthetics such as novocaine and xylocaine work by blocking the electrical transmission along nerves in a particular area. They inhibit the flow of sodium ions through the membranes, making the nerves electrically quiescent; thus no pain signals are sent to the spinal cord or to the brain.
Recent discoveries in the study of pain have involved the brain itself-the supervising organ that notices pain signals and that sends messages down to the spinal cord to regulate incoming pain traffic. Endorphins-the brain’s own morphine-are a class of small peptides that help to block pain signals within the brain itself. The presence of endorphins may also help to explain differences in response to pain signals, since individuals seem to differ in their ability to produce endorphins. It now appears that a number of techniques for blocking chronic pain-such as acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the central brain stem-involve the release of endorphins in the brain and spinal cord.

The passage is primarily concerned with

According to the passage, which of the following is one of the first things to occur when cells are injured?

30. Of the following, which is most likely attributable to the effect of endorphins as described in the passage?

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

Column A 1/5 of 25
Column B 5/2 of 2

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

Column A x + 5
Column A x + 7

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

Julie, Riyan, and Sam divided a batch of cookies among themselves. Julie took 30% of the cookies and Sam took 40% of the cookies. Julie ate 1/3 of the cookies she took and Sam ate 1/4 of the cookies she took.

Column A number of cookies Julie ate
Column B number of cookies Sam ate

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

34.
Column A m-8
Column B m+8

A certain taxi fare consists of an initial charge of $1.25 and an additional charge of $0.25 for each 1/5 mile traveled. What is the total fare for a trip of 2.4 miles?

If the area of a square region having sides of length 6 centimeters is equal to the area of a rectangular region having width 2.5 centimeters, then the length of the rectangle, in centimeters, is

If , where a, b, and c are each equal to 0 or 1, then x could be each of the following EXCEPT

If x is a positive number and half the square root of x is equal to 2x, then x =

Carl drove from his home to the beach at an average speed of 80 kilometers per hour and returned home by the same route at an average speed of 70 kilometers per hour. If the trip home took hour longer than the trip to the beach, how many kilometers did Carl drive each way?

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

u < m < y < v
Column A: um
Column B: ny

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

John sells cookies at a rate of 3 cookies for $4.
Column A At this rate, the cost of M cookies.
Column B m dollars

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

x < 0 Column A 7x
Column A 4x

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

The ratio of dogs to cats in a pet store is 5:3. There are 96 dogs and cats in the store. Column A The number of dogs in the pet store
Column A 65

Directions: Questions refer to the following graphs. For each question, select the best of the answer choices given.

In which of the following years was the difference between School District X’s budget for entrées and its budget for desserts the lowest?

Directions: Questions. 45 refer to the following graphs. For each question, select the best of the answer choices given.

What was the approximate percent decrease in School District X’s dessert budget from 1977 to 1978?

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

Column A 3/8 of 16/11
Column B 6/11

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

• Column A* – (a^3)b
  Column B 0
  

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:
a and b are integers. ab = 30.
Column A a+b
Column B 32

Quantitative Comparison Questions
Directions: Each question of this type consists of two quantities, one in Column A and one in Column B. Compare the two quantities and indicate:

Column A Hours in a year
Column B Seconds in a day

See the graphs to answer the questions.

Which year of the following did California have the least number of cases?

See the graphs to answer the questions.

How many cases were registered in NY and CAL in 1950?

If x, y, and z are positive integers and 3x = 4y = 7z, then the least possible value of x + y + z is

54. If p is an even integer and q is an odd integer, which of the following must be an odd integer?

A certain college has a student-to-teacher ratio of 11 to 1. The average (arithmetic mean) annual salary for teachers is $26,000. If the college pays a total of $3,380,000 in annual salaries to its teachers, how many students does the college have ?

Drum X is half full of oil and drum Y, which has twice the capacity of drum X, is 2/3 full of oil. If all of the oil in drum X is poured into drum Y. then drum Y will be filled to what fraction of its capacity ?

In a certain population, there are 3 times as many people aged twenty-one or under as there are people over twenty-one. The ratio of those twenty-one or under to the total population is

A part-time employee whose hourly wage was increased by 25 percent decided to reduce the number of hours worked per week so that the employee’s total weekly income would remain unchanged. By what percent should the number of hours worked be reduced?